GPON is based on point-to-multipoint architecture

 

 It is a type of high-speed network standard for Internet access, mainly used for broadband services over optical fiber. Here are the details of GPON and its main features:

Network Structure: GPON is based on point-to-multipoint architecture, which means that a single fiber optic cable can serve multiple locations using passive optical splitters. This is in contrast to the point-to-point model, where each location requires its own fiber optic cable.

OLT and ONT/ONU: OLT (Optical Line Terminal): This is a device located at the service provider's headquarters. It transmits data to multiple users and also collects data from users. ONT (Optical Network Terminal) or ONU (Optical Network Unit): This is a device located at the customer's premises. It receives data sent from the OLT. The terms ONT and ONU are sometimes used interchangeably, but ONT is usually customer facing and ONU can refer to a larger device that serves multiple customers in some situations.

 

 Distance and Coverage: The GPON standard allows for a coverage range of up to 20 kilometers (about 12.4 miles) between the central office and the end user, making it suitable for both densely populated urban areas and larger rural areas.

 Security: GPON has built-in security features. Data encryption ensures that even if someone breaks into the fiber optic cable, they cannot decipher the data traveling through it.

 Uses: GPON is primarily known for providing high-speed Internet access, but it is also used to provide IP television (IPTV), Voice over IP (VoIP), and other digital services.

Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is a network that uses fiber optic cables to transmit information. GPON is currently the mainstream passive optical network. GPON offers ratios of up to 1:64 over a single fiber. Unlike the standard copper wires of most networks, GPON is 95% energy efficient. In addition to efficiency, passive optical gigabit networks offer a cost-effective solution for adding users through splitters, making GPON desirable in densely populated areas.